Eczema

It is a chronic and relapsing condition that can affect people of all ages, but it is most common in infants and young children. Eczema is not contagious.

People with eczema often have a genetic predisposition to the condition, and it tends to run in families. Additionally, eczema is associated with a dysregulated immune response, leading to inflammation and skin barrier dysfunction.

Common symptoms of eczema include:

Itching (Pruritus): Itching is the hallmark symptom of eczema and can be intense, leading to scratching, which can further damage the skin and worsen the condition

Redness (Erythema): Areas of the skin affected by eczema may appear red or inflamed.

Thickened Skin: Prolonged scratching or rubbing of the affected areas can lead to thickening of the skin (lichenification).

Cracking: The skin may crack or fissure, especially in areas where the skin folds, such as the elbows or behind the knees.

Blisters or Oozing: In severe cases of eczema, blisters may develop, which can ooze and crust over.

Skin Discoloration: Over time, repeated inflammation and scratching can lead to changes in skin pigmentation, resulting in lighter or darker patches of skin.

Eczema tends to occur in "flare-ups," during which symptoms worsen, followed by periods of remission when symptoms improve or disappear. Triggers for eczema flare-ups can vary from person to person but may include:

• Dry skin
• Irritants such as soaps, detergents, or certain fabrics
• Allergens such as dust mites, pet dander, or pollen
• Changes in temperature or humidity
• Stress
• Hormonal changes
• Certain foods or food allergies

While there is no cure for eczema, various treatments and strategies can help manage symptoms and prevent flare-ups. These may include:

• Moisturizing regularly with emollients or creams to keep the skin hydrated
• Avoiding known triggers and irritants
• Using gentle, fragrance-free skincare products
• Applying topical corticosteroids or other anti-inflammatory medications during flare-ups
• Using topical calcineurin inhibitors (TCIs) for long-term management
• Taking oral antihistamines to relieve itching
• Phototherapy (light therapy) for severe cases